Effects of mining subsidence on masonry buildings in Zonguldak hard coal region in Turkey   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

Eray Can  Şenol Kuşcu  Murat Emre Kartal 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(8):2503-2518

Gallerias are the underground constructed results of mining. As these space in underground layers collapse, horizontal and vertical ground movements occur and movement which may reach the earth’s surface are known as mining subsidence. The result of underground displacement may cause surface ground movement which can be detrimental to masonry buildings especially in hard coal regions. Thorough familiarity with general and regional characteristics of an affected area can assist reduction of the effects. Zonguldak and the nearby settlement area, with a population of 300,000, constitute the centre of a hard coal basin where extensive mining has a history extending through 160 years. Mining constitutes the main economic activity in this region, and consequently influences every aspect of life. This study’s intent is to identify the effects of mining subsidence on masonry buildings in the mining area of Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey and illustrate them with selected images of damaged masonry buildings. Also included are satellite and mining galleria images.  相似文献   

Earth Currents and Magnetic Field Variations in the Period Range 10–200 s     

F. W. Jones  C. C. Ku  L. P. Geldart 《Geophysical Journal International》1969,17(1):15-38

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Stable isotopic compositions of waters in the karst environments of China: Climatic implications     

Hong-Chun Li  Teh-Lung Ku  Dao-Xian Yuan  Nai-Jung Wan  Zhi-Bang Ma  Ping-Zhong Zhang  Miryam Bar-Matthews  Avner Ayalon  Zai-Hua Liu  Mei-Liang Zhang  Zhao-Yu Zhu  Ruo-Mei Wang 《Applied Geochemistry》2007

A total of 117 water samples, including cave water, ground water, spring water and river water, collected from the monsoonal area of China have been analyzed for their H- and O-isotope composition. Overall, a δ¹⁸O–δD correlation is observed of δD = −4.45 + 6.6δ¹⁸O (R² = 0.90) and a significant evaporation effect observed for the southern sites. Average δ¹⁸O and δD site values generally correspond to those of precipitation in nearby cities, with correlations of δD = 2.18 + 7.23δ¹⁸O (R² = 0.95) for the sample sites and δD = 11.05 + 7.95δ¹⁸O (R² = 0.95) for the cities. The effects of rainfall amount and temperature on precipitation δ¹⁸O were calculated using a simplified theoretical model derived from the Rayleigh distillation equation, which demonstrated that the sign of δ¹⁸O_pvs. T correlation is dependent on precipitation intensity. The mean δ¹⁸O value of cave waters exhibit decreasing trends with increasing latitude and reveal a spatial pattern of positive correlation with annual mean temperature and precipitation, mainly reflecting isotopic fractionations in the moisture source traveling from the ocean side to the inland continent. This spatial pattern implies that the δ¹⁸O values recorded in the proxy climate records derived from speleothems might be influenced by shifts in monsoon boundary during the past, especially between glacial and interglacial intervals.  相似文献   

Behavior of Uranium in the Yellow River Plume (Yellow River Estuary)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xueyan Jiang  Zhigang Yu  Teh-Lung Ku  Xinglun Kang  Wei Wei  Hongtao Chen 《Estuaries and Coasts》2007,30(6):919-926

The Yellow River (Huanghe) is the second largest river in China and is known for its high turbidity. It also has remarkably high levels of dissolved uranium (U) concentrations (up to 38 nmol 1^-1). To examine the mixing behavior of dissolved U between river water and seawater, surface water samples were collected along a salinity gradient from the Yellow River plume during September 2004 and were measured for dissolved U concentration,²³⁴U:²³⁸U activity ratio, phosphate (PO₄ ^3–), and suspended particulate matter. Laboratory experiments were also conducted to simulate the mixing process in the Yellow River plume using unfiltered Yellow River water and filtered seawater. The results showed a nonconservative behavior for dissolved U at salinities < 20 with an addition of U to the plume waters estimated at about 1.4 X 10⁵ mol yr^–1. A similarity between variations in dissolved U and PO₄ ^3– with salinity was also found. There are two major mechanisms, desorption from suspended sediments and diffusion from interstitial waters of bottom sediments, that may cause the elevated concentrations of dissolved U and PO₄ ^3– in mid-salinity waters. Mixing experiments indicate that desorption seems more responsible for the elevated dissolved U concentrations, whereas diffusion influences more the enrichment of PO₄ ^3–.  相似文献   

Assessing CPT-based methods for liquefaction evaluation with emphasis on the cases from the Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake     

C. Hsein Juang  Haiming Yuan  Der-Her Lee  Chih-Sheng Ku 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(3)

In the early morning (1:47 Taiwan time) of September 21, 1999, the largest earthquake of the century in Taiwan (M_w=7.6, M_L=7.3) struck this island country. The earthquake killed more than 2400 people and caused great destruction to buildings, bridges, dams, highways, and railways. One of the causes for heavy damages to the structures is soil liquefaction and ground settlement during the earthquake. In this paper, investigation of soil liquefaction and case histories of liquefaction are presented. Three CPT-based simplified methods, the Robertson method, the Olsen method, and the Juang method, are examined using the case histories derived from the Chi-Chi earthquake. The results of the comparison show that the Juang method is more accurate than the two methods in predicting liquefaction potential of soils based on the cases derived from the Chi-Chi earthquake, although all three methods are quite comparable in accuracy.  相似文献   

Brunhes time scales and the interpretation of climatic change     

M.A. Kominz  G.R. Heath  T.-L. Ku  N.G. Pisias 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1979,45(2):394-410

Two new δ¹⁸O time scales have been developed for the Brunhes Epoch using equatorial Pacific core V28-238. The first is based on a constant accumulation rate of aluminum, an assumption which has been shown to be acceptable for the last 360,000 years of the record by comparison with ²³⁰Th ages determined via the continuous strip-sample technique. The aluminum scale yields an age of 138,000 years for termination II and 693,000 years for the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal. Spectral and cross spectral analysis of the δ¹⁸O records of V28-238 and a detailed composite Indian Ocean record, using the aluminum time scale as well as two earlier time scales, indicates that the Pleistocene climate has been forced by periodic fluctuations of the earth's obliquity and precession. Based on this result, the second new time scale (TWEAQ) has been derived by tuning the δ¹⁸O record of V28-238 to the record of the earth's obliquity. TWEAQ yields an age of 127,000 years for termination II and 728,000 years for the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal. Spectral analysis of the δ¹⁸O record dated by TWEAQ indicates that 30% of the variance of the ice volume record can be ascribed to linear forcing by the earth's orbital parameters, but the trend of the data is consistent with a stochastic model.  相似文献   

Beglaubigung der Dimension astronomisch-geodätischer Netze der ČSSR und Udssr aus Messungen mit dem Geodimeter NASM-2A     

Karel Kučera  Rezensent B. Delong 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1973,17(4):290-294

Summary A method is described, based on the calculus of observations, of testing the transferring of a length dimension by means of invar wires from the national standard via the geodetic comparative base to field geodetic bases, assuming that some of them have been measured electrooptically. The method is demonstrated on Czechoslovak and Soviet bases. In both cases the transfer of the length was proved to be successful. It was also found that, as regards the accuracy, it is immaterial whether the given base is measured electro-optically as a whole or in parts.  相似文献   

基于1∶100万土壤空间数据库的有机碳储量估算研究——以中国东北三省为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙维侠  史学正  于东升  王库  王洪杰 《地理科学》2004,(5)

以最近建成的中国1∶100万土壤空间数据库以及《中国土种志》和省级土种志的土壤属性为基础,共收集东北三省736个土壤剖面理化分析数据,估算出该地区土壤有机碳总储量,并分析讨论了土壤有机碳密度在空间上的分布特征。结果表明,东北三省土壤有机碳密度平均为16.13kg/m2,在空间分布上的总趋势为东北部高,西南部低,密度较高的有机碳主要分布在原始森林、湿地及部分农业耕作区中。土壤有机碳密度最高的土类为泥炭土和沼泽土等土类,最低的为石质土、风沙土等土类。  相似文献   

Professor Berřich Šalamon     

Karel Ku chař 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1960,4(3):310-311

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Investigation of array-derived rotation in TAIPEI 101     

Chin-Jen Lin  Wen-Gee Huang  Han-Pang Huang  Bor-Shouh Huang  Chin-Shang Ku  Chun-Chi Liu 《Journal of Seismology》2012,16(4):721-731

We investigate rotational motions derived from measurements by arrays of translational seismometers??hereafter called array-derived rotations (ADRs)??and compare these to measurements made by a commercially available point rotation sensor (eentec? R-1?). We focus on two aspects of the array problem: (1) the requisite conditions for calculating an ADR well and (2) the effect of array configuration on the result. Our data set consists of translational accelerations and rotation rates recorded by an array of Kinemetrics? EpiSensor? accelerometers and two R-1? rotational sensors in the TAIPEI 101 building in Taipei, Taiwan. Our results indicate that (1) array configuration affects the accuracy of ADRs about orthogonal components in horizontal plane, (2) coherence between two point rotation measurements (two R-1?) can determine the maximum frequency of translations viably used for the calculating ADRs, and (3) the performance of the R-1? is adequate, at least above a frequency of 0.12?Hz (periods shorter than 8?s). We also discuss deriving strain from the same array.  相似文献